The offending bearing (mainshaft next to the pinion gear). Also note the minor damage to the pinion gear itself:

A few scratches on the casing:

A few of the rollers, and a head of a bolt from the front diff's ring gear:

One of the rollers went through the casing COMPLETELY, blowing a hole about the size of a five cent piece. Thankfully we managed to limp to a servo where I bought some gasket goop and filled the hole in. Look carefully in the centre of the photo and you can see the black filler:

General carnage:

... And the random destruction of the 5th gear's syncro stopper:

It was well dark by the time I had the box open and could investigate, so no thorough conclusion can be drawn yet as to the cause of failure. I still need to sift through the drained oil to see what else is broken, and check everything carefully. The preload and backlash were correctly adjusted, so for now my suspicion is that a piece of debris has lodged itself into the bearing which gave out in spectacular fashion. Lucky to get it home!
Sigh, and I thought I finally had my car back...
Owen.